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ESPECIAL DÍA DE LA VISIBILIDAD INTERSEX

Intersex is a term that includes different corporealities in which a person is born with variations in sex characteristics—that is, variations in genital anatomy, gonadal composition, hormone levels, or chromosomal patterns—that do not seem to fit typical definitions of male or female.

For example, a person may be born with typically female genitalia but have internal testes and XY chromosomes. Another person may be born with a clitoris larger than what is considered “normal,” lack a vaginal opening, or have a common channel where the urethra and vagina meet; or a person may be born with a penis that is considered smaller than average and urinate while sitting. A person may also be born with a genetic composition known as “mosaicism,” meaning some cells have XX chromosomes and others XY, or with chromosomal patterns such as XXY or X0.

These variations are not always evident at birth; in many cases, they are discovered during puberty, when the body does not show the expected changes for a typical woman or man.

Intersex is neither a gender identity nor a “third sex.The San José de Costa Rica Statement (2018) affirms:

“Reject any notion and labelling of intersexuality as a “third sex”, “third gender”, “indefinite sex”, or similar ones at birth, because these categories do not reflect the diversity of the bodies we inhabit and violate our right to privacy. We recommend assigning masculine or feminine sex based on best expectations without this involving any modification to our Intersex bodies.”

Defining intersex as a “third sex” reinforces binary ideas about the body and can lead to new forms of stigmatization or pathologization.

Intersex variations are a legitimate expression of human bodily diversity. Intersex is not a gender identity either: people with intersex variations, like anyone else, may identify as women, men, or with a non-binary identity. And, like any other person, some may also be trans and come to recognize themselves later in life with a gender different from the one assigned at birth.

It is essential to emphasize that people who wish to have a third gender option on their identity documents should be able to do so voluntarily, regardless of their sex characteristics, and without intersex being used to justify that option, since these are two very different issues that must be addressed separately.

Saying that a person has an intersex variation does not mean that they are “not a woman” or “not a man,” but rather that they were born with variations in sex characteristics. What intersex truly reveals is that there isn’t just one kind of ‘female body’ or one kind of ‘male body.’” The bodies of women, men, and non-binary people can take many forms—and all of them are valid.

Challenges Faced by People with Intersex Variations

The main issue faced by people with intersex variations is the medical protocol that includes genital surgeries, the removal of gonads without any sign of disease, and other medically unnecessary, invasive, and painful treatments performed at very early ages, when informed consent is not possible.

These interventions may include procedures intended to enlarge the penis and move the urethral opening to the tip, surgeries to reduce the size of the clitoris or even remove it completely, vaginoplasties, and gonadectomies (the removal of gonads — testes, ovaries, or ovotestes), among others.

The most common physical consequences include loss of genital sensitivity, scarring, chronic pain, recurrent infections, and incontinence. In cases involving the removal of gonads, the consequences include forced sterilization and a lifelong dependence on hormone replacement therapy, which carries additional health risks; for instance, prolonged estrogen treatment can increase the risk of developing certain cancers.

These procedures also have mental health consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, among others.

These surgeries are often performed during infancy, sometimes even before the first year of life, and therefore without consent. It is important to clarify that we are not against surgeries, but in favor of consent. Every person has — or should have — the right to make decisions about their own body. If someone later in life chooses to undergo a procedure to modify their body, that choice should always be free and fully informed.

Other challenges we face include the denial of access to medical records, stigma, discrimination and social violence, the lack of medical and psychological professionals who can provide care that is informed, respectful, and grounded in human rights, the absence of accurate and responsible information in the media, and the exclusion of intersex organizations from the creation of public policies and legislation — processes that too often ignore the principles and declarations established by the global and regional intersex movement.

Origin of Intersex Awareness Day

On October 26, 1996, the first public protest led by people with intersex variations took place in Boston. The demonstration denounced non-consensual genital surgeries performed on intersex children. Morgan Holmes and Max Beck, from the Intersex Society of North America (ISNA), joined allies from Transexual Menace and other organizations to protest outside a conference of the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Since then, this date has been commemorated around the world as Intersex Awareness Day, a moment to highlight the importance of bodily autonomy and self-determination.

The Purpose of Brújula Intersexual

Brújula Intersexual was founded in Mexico on October 27, 2013, coincidentally one day after Intersex Awareness Day. It emerged from a concrete need: to create, for the first time in Spanish, a space where people with intersex variations could find community, information, and tools for healing and empowerment.

The name Brújula —Spanish for compass— represents an instrument that helps travelers avoid losing their way. In that spirit, this project seeks to offer guidance and orientation to people with intersex variations and their families.

Our goal is to strengthen the Spanish-speaking intersex community in Latin America and Spain by providing information and emotional support. We also work to denounce violations of the rights to self-determination, bodily integrity, and autonomy that affect people with intersex variations. Through educational activities, public awareness, and the creation of informative materials, we aim to shed light on the challenges we face and advocate for systemic change.

Ultimately, we seek to build a more just world by transforming the political, social, and cultural structures that sustain gender-based violence.

Projects and Areas of Work

Brújula Intersexual develops a wide range of projects that combine education, culture, community support, and political advocacy, with the goal of transforming the social, medical, and legal structures that sustain violence against people with intersex variations.

Since its founding in 2013, Brújula has collaborated with public institutions to promote policies grounded in human rights and informed consent. Among its main achievements are the Intersex Survey 2020, carried out in collaboration with CONAPRED —the first of its kind in the Americas—; the Guidelines for the Care of Intersex and Variations in Sex Development, published as part of a broader LGBTTTI Protocol by Mexico’s Ministry of Health (2017, updated in 2020); and the submission of reports to UN committees (CEDAW and CCPR), which led to recommendations to Mexico for practices involving intersex genital mutilation.

Brújula also promotes economic and cultural justice through projects such as Mercadita Inter, a platform that fosters financial autonomy by supporting the sale of products made by members of the intersex community.

In 2023, on the occasion of its tenth anniversary, Brújula published the book Brújula. Voces de la Intersexualidad en México (Brújula: Voices of Intersexuality in Mexico), which brings together more than 25 testimonies from people with intersex variations and their families. The digital edition is available for free, while the printed version can be requested directly or found in selected bookstores in Mexico City.

In the area of well-being and bodily autonomy, Brújula has created materials such as the Guide for Parents on Intersex and the Guide on Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), which is the most common intersex variation in Latin America. These resources aim to strengthen dialogue between families and medical professionals, promoting care that is informed, empathetic, and respectful.

Brújula’s cultural work also includes the artistic project Somos Personas (We Are People), created to counter the pathologizing representations of intersex bodies through portraits in which each person decides how they wish to be represented. Likewise, its narrative laboratory Xtagabe’ñe publishes e-books that collect personal experiences on topics such as medical care, motherhood, body hair, and everyday life.

Over the years, Brújula has shared its knowledge and experiences in regional and international gatherings, as well as in academic publications such as “Brújula Intersexual: Working Strategies, the Emergence of the Mexican Intersex Community, and Its Relationship with the Intersex Movement.” These efforts have helped strengthen networks and collective agendas from local and Latin American perspectives.

Political Participation and Long-Term Goals

At Brújula Intersexual, we promote informed political and social participation centered on autonomy, consent, and human rights. We act as a critical platform that connects community support, research, and activism to influence the medical, cultural, and legal structures that have historically violated the rights of people with intersex variations.

Brújula has fostered dialogue with government institutions, training for public officials, international collaboration, and the production of accessible knowledge in Spanish, with the goal of placing intersex experiences at the center of discussions on human rights, health, and bodily diversity.

At the regional and global levels, we participate in Latin American and international networks, contributing a critical perspective grounded in our local contexts.

In the long term, we aim to:

  • Consolidate medical care based on human rights and informed consent, transforming existing medical protocols.
  • Strengthen the economic and community autonomy of people with intersex variations by promoting networks of mutual support and collective sustainability.
  • Transform the cultural narratives that have historically pathologized intersex bodies, through education, art, and the production of knowledge from our own perspectives.
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